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Publishing the Pentagon Papers

In this era of fake news, Stephen Spielberg’s latest film looks back at the true story of the Pentagon Papers. Publishing news of this leaked government report put investigative journalists and newspaper publishers at real risk of prosecution. And yet, against the odds, they went ahead and set the scene for the Watergate scandal. The Post tells the story of the "Pentagon Papers" – a leaked top-secret government report entitled "History of U.S. Decision-making in Vietnam, 1945-66". The report showed that four successive presidents, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, had misled the public about U.S. operations in Vietnam, ostensibly pursuing a strategy towards peace while the military and CIA were covertly expanding the war. The New York Times obtained the leaked 7,000-page report and after failing to interest Congress members in its contents, set up a secret team of journalists in a hotel for three months to comb through the report to find and verify stories. On 13 June, 1971, they published the first of a planned series of articles. On 15 June, the Nixon Administration obtained a court injunction to stop them publishing any further stories. Publish and be Damned? This is where the dilemma at the heart of the film starts. The Washington Post managed to obtain a partial copy of the report. Its publisher Katharine Graham and editor Bradlee had to decide whether to publish, sure in the knowledge that the Administration would seek an injunction against The Post too. The paper was in a fragile state financially, and about to launch a public shares offer to bolster its capital. A legal action would not appeal to investors. Publication could mean financial ruin for Graham's family, the loss of their livelihoods for the staff, and a real risk of going to prison. And yet… telling the story meant standing up for the thousands and thousands of lives that had been sacrificed in Vietnam. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrXlY6gzTTM Their Day in Court Graham gave the go-ahead to publish and The Post was duly added to the Times legal action. But on 30 June, the Supreme Court examined the injunction and overturned it. In the judgement, Justice Hugo Black wrote: “In the First Amendment the Founding Fathers gave the free press the protection it must have to fulfil its essential role in our democracy. […] In my view, far from deserving condemnation for their courageous reporting, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and other newspapers should be commended for serving the purpose that the Founding Fathers saw so clearly. In revealing the workings of government that led to the Vietnam war, the newspapers nobly did precisely that which the Founders hoped and trusted they would do.” For The Washington Post it was the beginning of a new era. From a slightly provincial paper it took on a national stature. The following year, it was The Post 's Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward who broke the Watergate scandal that led to Nixon's resignation. 1971-2017 Same Combat Although set in 1971, Spielberg's film is astonishingly contemporary. The team investigation of leaked papers echoes recent scandals like the Paradise and Panama Papers which have been revealed by an international syndicate of investigative journalists and newspapers. The film's central figure is a strong female role – the publisher Katharine Graham, the first woman to helm a national newspaper. Katharine Graham (Meryl Streep) wasn't a journalist. The Post had been in her family since her financier father bought it in 1933. In 1946, Katharine Graham's husband, Phil, took over as editor. In 1963, he committed suicide and Graham, housewife and mother of four, found herself at the head of a national newspaper. By 1971, she had found her feet, but the Pentagon Papers would be the test that would turn her into the formidable and respected publisher she became, the first woman to head a Fortune 500 company. Like last year's Spotlight , also about investigative journalism, The Post has been nominated for Best Picture Oscar, as well as a nomination for Streep as best actress. In a post-truth world, the story of women and men willing to risk all to tell the truth has truly struck a note with audiences and awards juries alike.

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Three Billboards and a Mother's Fury

The lead role in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri fits Frances McDormand like a glove. The story of a fierce, unconventional woman touched by tragedy in small town America, it’s honest and brave, like its star.

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Hamilton Musical Arrives in London

"Hamilton", a hip-hop musical about one of America's Founding Fathers, is one of the most unlikely Broadway hits ever. It is finally arriving on this side of the pond, playing to sold-out houses in London's West End.

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From #MeToo to "Oprah for President"

Since the Harvey Weinstein scandal was revealed by The New York Times on 5 October, the movement to denounce sexual harassment has swept across America and the world. Spreading far beyond Hollywood, women from all walks of life have spoken out saying #MeToo, #YoTambien or #balancetonporc.

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An Incredible Australian Exchange

School exchanges are wonderfully enriching but can seem increasingly difficult and bureaucratic to organise. They are still possible though, as this example proves. Just in time for Australia Day, here is the tale a school exchange in the Outback: Alice Springs in Oz's Red Centre. Get ready to dream!

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Kwanzaa Webpicks

If you'd like to introduce your pupils to the annual African-American celebration Kwanzaa, from 26 December to 1 January, these articles, an audio sketch and festive music interactive can help you.

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A Writer's World: Michael Morpurgo

Michael Morpurgo is best known around the world as the author of War Horse, which has been very successfully adapted for stage and screen. However the English author has written more than 150 books for children and teens. An exhibition at the Museum of Childhood in London presents many of his creations, and gives fascinating insight into his writing technique.

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Murder in the Bookshops

As the latest film adaptation of the Agatha Christie classic Murder on the Orient Express hits our screens, Alison Bouhmid investigates women thriller-writers’ works, spanning a century of mystery writing.

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Star Wars Strikes Back

The Last Jedi , episode VIII of the famous saga which began in 1977, is finally in cinemas. For fans, it's not a minute too soon. It's been 30 years since the emblematic hero last properly featured in a Star Wars film. And two years since episode VII, The Force Awakens, in which Luke Skywalker appeared for a fleeting few seconds. Fans of the franchise have been impatiently waiting for their hero's real return. The Last Jedi reunites the protagonists of The Force Awakens : reformed Stormtrooper Finn (John Boyega), Jedi-in-training Rey (Daisy Ridley), General Leia Organa (the late great Carrie Fisher — better known as Princess Leia), Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac), Chewbacca, R2-D2, C-3PO and BB-8 as well as their adversaries, the menacing Kylo Ren (Adam Driver) and the evil Supreme Leader Snoke (played by Andy Serkis), who is even more dangerous than Darth Vader. Written and directed by Rian Johnson (Brick, Looper and 3 episodes of Breaking Bad…), the film introduces also several new characters to the Star Wars universe, including a pair of Resistance fighters played by Kelly Marie Tran and Laura Dern, as well as a villain played by Benicio Del Toro. Luke Skywalker is Back He is back but as you’ve never seen him before. After more than 30 years away, Mark Hamill returns to the franchise as the beloved Luke Skywalker. But Luke is no more the confident hero that we saw in Return of the Jedi . He’s now a recluse, who hesitates to hold a lightsaber again. “Rian’s version of Luke Skywalker is an incarnation of the character I never expected,” said Hamill to Vanity Fair. “That was a huge surprise when I first read the script. I think fans will be surprised too.” Hamill “never imagined” he would play the iconic role again. “It’s a reward that just never stops giving. Fans come up to me all the time. They relay all these stories, tell me about how they met their wife in line for Empire and that they had a child by the time of Return of the Jedi and named him Luke. It’s really moving. I’m proud to be known as Luke Skywalker.” The First Order is Preparing to Strike Back Two years is plenty of time in which to forget some, or many, of the details of The Force Awakens. So for those who haven’t been obsessively revisiting the previous film, here’s a short summary of what the major players were up to when we last saw them. In The Force Awakens , we learned that after the galactic civil war some 30 years ago — which served as the basis for the first Star Wars trilogy — the villainous First Order rose up, wanting to get rid of the democratic state known as the New Republic. The New Republic is not fully aware of the threat that the First Order represents. General Leia Organa founded the Resistance, a small, secretive private military force, to monitor the actions of the First Order. The New Republic tolerates the Resistance while regarding Organa and her fighters as dead-enders with a fixation on the past. Led by the sinister Supreme Leader Snoke, the villains certainly have a plan to strike back with a vengeance. Rey Combed the Galaxy to Find Luke Skywalker The Force Awakens presented us with two giant mysteries: the current location of Luke Skywalker and the origin of new protagonist Rey. Sensing the danger that the First Order presents, Organa is looking for her Jedi brother for some help. Thanks to a map assembled by helpful droids BB-8 and R2-D2, Rey finds him on a mountain island called Ahch-To and presents him with a lightsaber. But from what we see in The Last Jedi trailer, this likely isn’t going to be a sunny meeting, with Skywalker telling Rey, “It’s time for the Jedi to end.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=Q0CbN8sfihY That’s probably not the way anyone saw this meeting happening, but it’s understandable: Skywalker is still haunted by the betrayal of his apprentice and nephew Ben Solo, a.k.a. Kylo Ren who turned to the dark side of the Force. We learned Kylo is the son of Leia and Han Solo who got married after the first Star Wars trilogy. Rian Johnson told Vanity Fair that The Last Jedi is the darkest, most emotional instalment of the Star Wars saga yet. “It’s the middle chapter, so we got to challenge the characters, and it’s going to darker and more intense places. I wanted the story to be emotional. That was an element that I really wanted to get in the movie. And because each one of these characters has such a brilliant setup in The Force Awakens , I wanted to take each one of them and push them.” Johnson promises that the movie also offers comedic moments. “I hope audiences will pleasantly be surprised by how fun and funny the movie is. I really tried to balance the more intense stuff with humor and fun, because it’s a Star Wars movie, after all. That’s what it’s all about.”    

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The Great Christmas Pudding Race

It has all the ingredients of a great British event: tradition, wearing costumes, doing silly things and collecting money for charity!

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Battle of the Tennis Films

Who would have imagined two films about tennis duels from the 1970s would hit cinema screens at the same time? More than just some entertainment for tennis fans between seasons, they provide fascinating psychological portraits and a discussion of gender roles in sport and society.

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Prince Harry to Wed

Britain will have something to distract it from Brexit negotiations in 2018 — a royal wedding always improves national morale. Prince Harry has announced his engagement to American actress Meghan Markle, with a wedding planned on 19 May.

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Taylor Swift: Reputation

A new album by one of the most popular singer-songwriters in the world is big news. And the themes of Taylor Swift’s album Reputation is a great opportunity to discuss rumours, bullying and online security with your pupils.

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Histoires virtuelles entre professeurs

C'est l'histoire d'un enseignant qui se dit que le temps passé à faire des photocopies et corriger les exercices du workbook effectués plus ou moins sérieusement par ses étudiants pourrait être bien mieux investi. Mais il ne connaît personne pour l'aider à faire autrement, il n'en a pas le temps.

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Thanksgiving on the Web

If you want to discuss Thanksgiving with your class, there are some really useful sites and online resources.

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Merry Christmas Jumper Day!

Like Red Nose Day, Christmas Jumper Day is becoming a tradition for British people to do something silly – wear a kitschy Christmas jumper — to do some serious good, for the charity Save the Children.

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Word of the Year: Fake News

Each year, Britain's Collins Dictionary announces a Word of the Year, a word or expression that has been omnipresent. For 2017, the WOTY is "fake news", a term often associated with President Trump.

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The Truth About the Kennedy Assassination?

The 1992 JFK Records Act gave the U.S. government 25 years to make public all files related to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on 22 November 1963. The time was up on October 26, 2017... but not all the files were released.

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Detroit: Modern History on Film

Detroit tells the true story of an incident during the “race riots” which swept U.S. cities in the summer of 1967. The film, directed by Kathryn Bigelow, has won praise for its portrayal of police corruption and racial tensions during that long hot summer.

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Harry Potter: A History of Magic

The British Library is marking the 20th anniversary of the publication of the first Harry Potter book with an exhibition of the real-life historical artefacts about magical beliefs that inspired JK Rowling, and never-before-revealed notes, plans and manuscripts from the author herself.

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Scare Yourself Silly: Halloween in London

The British capital gets into the Halloween spirit with a vengeance. It must be said that London has almost 2,000 years of often bloody and gruesome history that lends itself well to tales of ghosts and the unquiet dead.

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Bangladeshi Dance Touring France

If you missed the shows choreographed by Akram Khan that toured France last year, there is another chance to catch Chotto Desh between now and December, in Paris, Enghein, Dijon, Lyons and Grenoble.

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Thanksgiving Dinner in Space

This short video of a NASA astronaut on the International Space Station discussing how he is going to celebrate Thanksgiving is a great way to introduce or revise this American holiday as well as food vocabulary.

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Experimental Novel about Abraham Lincoln Wins 2017 Booker Prize

The 2017 Man Booker Prize, the UK's most prestigious literary award, has been awarded to a first novel by American short-story writer George Saunders for Lincoln in the Bardo.

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Emoji Video and Audio Resources

If you are using our Ready to Use Resource on the Emoji Movie to work on emojis, smileys and emotions, these audio and video activities would make an excellent complement. You can access or download them on the Banque de ressources anglais cycle 4.

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